Senin, 27 Agustus 2012

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Tags: Medication, medication guide, medication reference book, medication therapy, mental disorders, new medications, medication madness, medication for beginners, mental illness, mental health, improve symptoms, medication management
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  • Sales Rank: #1114484 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2015-05-23
  • Released on: 2015-05-23
  • Format: Kindle eBook

About the Author
Patricia A. Carlisle, MSW, CBT Patricia Carlisle- a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist gives out an expression of how important it is for an individual to take into consideration the concept of self-assessment to know what human, technical and conceptual skills they posses to perform or to achieve what they desire, or to deal with everyday life. However, every particular group of people has their own unique set of ideas, traditions and events including the frame of mind according to which people perform but there are many who faces problems and fail to maintain a healthy mind set affecting their behaviors and performance to those around them. People like Patricia Carlisle are among those who have felt this urge of serving people and helping them out of their mental crisis towards a healthy life. She has experienced some close encounters in her personal life regarding mental health issues in her family and friends that has encouraged her to pursue this as her career. Currently Patricia Carlisle is serving as a Certified On-Line Cognitive Behavioral Therapist with an extensive 15years of experience using Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Techniques. She envisions a world where everyone gets mental health treatment with no mental health stigma and to make it real she has already set up her own Holistic Measure Online Comprehensive Behavioral Healthcare Company after retiring from The Nord Center in The Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP) Dept for 5 years and Murtis H. Taylor Mental Health Center as a mental health counselor, psychological support technician and case manager for 10 years to emulsify her skills more professionally. Along with this, she has wrote down her passion as a clinician in 25 or more short books to help individuals and families get their life back, freeing them of the restraints of negative thinking, anxiety and depression by using different approaches. She is highly appreciated among her clients for her flexibility and professionalism of dealing with them graciously. To reach her, make use of her direct website address: http://therapist2013.wix.com/e-therapy . As she is ready to inspire hope and contribute to health and well-being by providing the best online health care through comprehensive practice, education and research.

Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Very useful information!
By bookworm
Mental illness is more common than you can imagine. I read this book because I want to know how to help a friend who is suffering from mental illness. She often refuses to take her medicine. This book helped me understand her better and gave me some great tools to help her. I use the tips from this book to explain to her how important is medication management for her well-being.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Informative
By J Nelson
This book points out that though medication is not a cure, it can relieve the symptoms that normally overwhelmed the individual. I highly recommend this booklet to counselors and patients.

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Minggu, 19 Agustus 2012

[J882.Ebook] Free Ebook Thin Air: A Shetland Mystery (Shetland Island Mysteries), by Ann Cleeves

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Thin Air: A Shetland Mystery (Shetland Island Mysteries), by Ann Cleeves

Ann Cleeves is back with the sixth book in her Shetland series featuring Inspector Jimmy Perez, whom readers will remember from Raven Black, White Nights, Red Bones, Blue Lightning, and Dead Water.

A group of old university friends leave the bright lights of London and travel to Shetland to celebrate the marriage of one of their friends. But, one of them, Eleanor, disappears―apparently into thin air. It's mid-summer, a time of light nights and unexpected mists. And then Eleanor's body is discovered lying in a small loch close to the cliff edge.

Detectives Jimmy Perez and Willow Reeves are dispatched to investigate. Before she went missing, Eleanor claimed to have seen the ghost of a local child who drowned in the 1920s. Her interest in the ghost had seemed unhealthy―obsessive, even―to her friends: an indication of a troubled mind. But Jimmy and Willow are convinced that there is more to Eleanor's death than they first thought.

Is there a secret that lies behind the myth? One so shocking that someone would kill―many years later―to protect?

Ann Cleeves' striking new novel is a quintessential whodunit with surprises at every turn.

  • Sales Rank: #397335 in Books
  • Published on: 2015-05-05
  • Released on: 2015-05-05
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.60" h x 1.25" w x 5.81" l, 1.00 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 400 pages

Review

“A riveting read.” ―Val McDermid

“Cleeves returns to a sea-bound land of crofters' cottages, barren rocks and fog, especially the fog surrounding the murders...the well-constructed procedural gains another dimension from Jimmy's re-engagement with his work and his life.” ―Kirkus Reviews

“Cleeves has an unusually deft hand with characters; not one of them seems purely plot functional, and Perez's character keeps deepening with each book. The rough islands cresting the Atlantic fit the bleakness of the murders depicted here. This series is one of two that Cleeves has going; the other stars Northumberland detective Vera Stanhope and is a hit BBC series.” ―Booklist (starred)

“Absorbing...Cleeves keeps readers guessing until the final page.” ―Publishers Weekly

About the Author

ANN CLEEVES writes two series of traditional mysteries, both of which have been turned into hit TV series. The Vera Stanhope series has been made into the hit televison series "Vera," and stars Brenda Blethyn. The Shetland novels feature Inspector Jimmy Perez and are being filmed by the BBC and are titled "Shetland." Raven Black, the first Shetland novel, won the CWA Gold Dagger. Ann Cleeves lives in England.

Most helpful customer reviews

33 of 37 people found the following review helpful.
Completing Jimmy Perez's rehabilitation
By Blue in Washington
A woman disappears overnight from a wedding party on a small Shetland Island. Her husband and friends, including the bride and groom, have no clue where she could have gone in the remote and unfamiliar place. The estimable island copper, Jimmy Perez, is called to investigate, and thus starts a new, and tightened Shetland murder investigation. This one, happily, has Perez back in charge and interacting with a fine collection of well-fleshed out Shetland Island characters. The carefully laid out procedural has an overlay of a local legend involving the drowning of an island child and her continuous sighting by locals over some 80 years.

This is author Ann Cleeves' second book in her return to the Shetland series, and it is remarkably stronger than its immediate predecessor, "Dead Water", which served, at best, as a kind of transition piece to get Jimmy Perez beyond the grief of losing his fiance. "Dead Water" introduced the character of Detective Willow Reeves and placed her at the center of action along with Deputy Sandy Wilson. For me, the Reeves character never quite jelled and in this new episode, she has been moved to a secondary level of the story line as Jimmy Perez has stepped forward. Sandy Wilson has evolved further as an artful observer, and feels about right in this new novel.

As always, author Cleeves delivers a well-defined landscape and atmospheric background for the story that make you want to visit the islands (or maybe, just the opposite) to experience their basic and austere crags, harbors, meadows and unrelenting climatic moodiness.

This is an excellent read and works well as a stand alone novel. Different in feel from the wonderful Vera series, but strong in its own way.

10 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Where is Cassie?
By Dirk Sinnewe
This is the latest book in Ann Cleeves’ Shetland series. As in all her other books Cleeves manages to create the right kind of atmosphere for what she wants to say. With Thin Air she makes once again a fascinating and -at least to me- convincing fictional Shetland community come to live. She also creates enough suspense that makes you want to read on, so why am I not as happy with this book as I was with all the others in this series?
I guess for Cleeves the idea of “complicated families” was also central to the construction of this book. And this is where she fails, unless she really wanted to keep the character Cassie as flat and as almost non-existent as it is here. Cassie is so uncomplicated, whenever the plot needs her to be stowed away, she is all too easily disposed off. She is packed off to her biological father or to her grandparents. Perez is still guilt-ridden towards them for losing their daughter, and this issue is dealt with in great detail, but ironically the portrayal of the most complicated of all families, Cassie and Perez, remains rather sketchy. I’m not bothered by a whodunit author using a certain amount of stereotypical characters; the Southerner, the Foreigner, and the Shetlander, in order to quickly move a story on, but Perez must remain a credible character, and a man repeatedly described as almost too full of empathy, a man who cares for his adopted daughter, must also come alive for the reader through this relationship. So I think Cassie (rather than Willow) should be given a voice of her own in Ms Cleeves’ next book.

7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent plot leads us down one path to another, with very good twists along the way.
By L. J. Roberts
First Sentence: The music started.

The gathering of university friends for a wedding hamefarin’ on Unst in the Shetlands Islands comes to an end with the discovery of one of the friend’s body the next morning. Was it suicide, as indicated by an email received from the dead woman the next day? Was her death foretold by Perrie Lizzie, the ghost of a young girl who’d died there years before? Inspector Jimmy Perez and his team travel to the outermost island to find out.

Cleeves excels at creating a sense of place and painting visual pictures which employ all the senses. Even though few will be able to visit these rather remote islands, you have a true sense of being there, with the long days and weather contributing to the plot. To this, she adds just a touch of the supernatural still leaving you to question whether it truly is.

All of her characters are fully dimensional. You know their appearance, enough of their back story to give true sense of them, and even insights into their personalities and insecurities. The relationships are realistic, understandable and important. The interplay between the investigating team and that those associated to the victim are equally important and well balanced in the story. Yet it is Perez, his slowly maturing Sergeant Sandy Wilson, and Detective Willow Reeves brought in to oversee the case, who most hold our interest.

“Thin Air” is very well done, with a plot that takes us around and amongst the islands, leading us down one path to another, with very good twists along the way. Cleeves is a wonderful writer and one who should be on any mystery-reader’s list.

THIN AIR (Pol Proc-Insp. Jimmy Perez-Shetlands, UK-Contemp) – VG+
Cleeves, Ann – 6th in series
Minotaur Books – May 2015

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Senin, 13 Agustus 2012

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Time Saver Standards for Architectural Design : Technical Data for Professional Practice, by Donald Watson Michael J. Crosbie

  • Published on: 2011
  • Binding: Paperback

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Rabu, 08 Agustus 2012

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Dancing Teepees: Poems of American Indian Youth, by Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve

An illustrated collection of poems from the oral tradition of Native Americans.

  • Sales Rank: #1536512 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Holiday House
  • Published on: 1989-03-01
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: .38" h x 10.30" w x 8.28" l, .71 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 31 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

From Publishers Weekly
An infant's first cry is one of the many potent images that leap out of this collection of poems recorded from the oral traditions of several American Indian tribes. "Tble," the title of a poem and a baby girl, is "named for the cold star / appearing after the blizzard ceased its wail." "Sun, Moon, Stars," a poem from an Omaha ceremony for the newborn cries, "Hear this mother! / A new life has come among you. / Make its life smooth." A Pauite cradle song evokes familiar lullaby refrains: "Coo . . . ah . . . Coo! / Little Dove, / The wind is rocking / Thy nest in the pine bough, / My arms are rocking / Thy nest, little Dove. / Coo . . . ah . . . coo!" An Osage chant prepares a young man for his first buffalo hunt; the Mescalero Apache contribute "The Four Corners of the Universe," which declares to girls, "Be strong. For you are the mother of a people." Gammell works in an earthy vein unlike anything he has attempted before. Giving himself over to the patterns and themes suggested by each snippet or riddle-like verse, he scratches out strong woven symbols in colored pencil, or paints watercolor scenes on dappled pages resembling animal skins. Many artistic styles are represented, as if he gathered his sources from as many tribes as Sneve did her poems. Like a trail of stepping stones, this exquisite collection may lead readers to other sources, such as the works of Paul Goble. Together, poet/compiler and artist offer small but satisfying glimpses of some of the rich and varied Indian lore which--if abundant--has been mostly overlooked. Ages 6-9.
Copyright 1989 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Review
Dancing Teepees by Calvin O'john
We Chased Butterflies To Give Us Endurance by Plenty-coups
I Watched An Eagle Soar by Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve
Tbe by Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve
Why The Trees Lose Their Leaves (adapted) by Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve
The Black-turkey Gobbler by Anonymous
Cradle Song by Anonymous
Creation Myth Of The Wintu by Anonymous
Dakota Elk Song by Anonymous
Farewell, My Younger Brother by Anonymous
The Four Corners Of The Universe by Anonymous
The Life Of A Man Is A Circle From Childhood by Anonymous
Lullaby by Anonymous
My Dress Is Old, But At Night The Moon Is King by Anonymous
My Horse, Fly Like A Bird by Anonymous
My Little Son by Anonymous
Osage Prayer Before First Buffalo Hunt by Anonymous
Sun, Moon, Stars by Anonymous
Zuni Corn Ceremony by Anonymous
-- Table of Poems from Poem Finder�

About the Author
Stephen Gammell (b. February 10, 1943) is an American illustrator of children's books. His awards include the Caldecott Medal. Stephen Gammell grew up in Iowa. His father, an art editor for a major magazine, brought home periodicals that gave Stephen early artistic inspiration. His parents also supplied him with lots of pencils, paper, and encouragement. He is self-taught. He started his career with commercial freelance work, but became interested in children's book illustration. His first book, A Nutty Business, was published in 1973. Since then, he has illustrated over fifty titles. He is particularly well-known for the surreal, unsettling illustrations he provided for Alvin Schwartz's Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark series of horror short stories, still a favorite in adolescent fiction. Stephen and his wife, Linda, a photographer, live in St. Paul, Minnesota. He works daily in his studio, located over a restaurant.

Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve spent her childhood on the Rosebud Sioux Reservation and now lives with her husband in Rapid City, South Dakota. She is the anthologist of the highly acclaimed poetry book, Dancing Teepees : Poems of American Indian Youth, illustrated by Stephen Gammell. The mother of three grown children, Ms. Sneve works as a high school counselor and teaches English at Oglala Lakota College, Rapid City Extension.

Most helpful customer reviews

7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
College student's review
By Paula J. Johnson
This book is a collection of thirteen poems. The poems are all about Native American Indians. Sioux, Navajo, Mescalero Apache tribe members wrote some of the poetry in this collection. Four poems were written by Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve. The collection offers a small glimpse of the Native American traditions. It shows the life of Native Americans by sharing a newborn ceremony, a Hopi lullabye, a Paiute cradle song, Zuni corn ceremony, a song for young girls, a Dakota elk song, a prayer before a young man's first buffalo hunt, and a myth of the Wintu.

I would recommend this book. It is important to discuss different cultures with children, and this book shows a few Native American tribes. This book could be used to introduce a unit on Native Americans, and most of the poems in this collection are short and easy to read.

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Kamis, 02 Agustus 2012

[R819.Ebook] Download Ebook Ruby Under a Microscope: An Illustrated Guide to Ruby Internals, by Pat Shaughnessy

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Ruby Under a Microscope: An Illustrated Guide to Ruby Internals, by Pat Shaughnessy

Ruby Under a Microscope: An Illustrated Guide to Ruby Internals, by Pat Shaughnessy



Ruby Under a Microscope: An Illustrated Guide to Ruby Internals, by Pat Shaughnessy

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Ruby Under a Microscope: An Illustrated Guide to Ruby Internals, by Pat Shaughnessy

Ruby is a powerful programming language with a focus on simplicity, but beneath its elegant syntax it performs countless unseen tasks.

Ruby Under a Microscope gives you a hands-on look at Ruby's core, using extensive diagrams and thorough explanations to show you how Ruby is implemented (no C skills required). Author Pat Shaughnessy takes a scientific approach, laying out a series of experiments with Ruby code to take you behind the scenes of how programming languages work. You'll even find information on JRuby and Rubinius (two alternative implementations of Ruby), as well as in-depth explorations of Ruby's garbage collection algorithm.

Ruby Under a Microscope will teach you:

  • How a few computer science concepts underpin Ruby's complex implementation
  • How Ruby executes your code using a virtual machine
  • How classes and modules are the same inside Ruby
  • How Ruby employs algorithms originally developed for Lisp
  • How Ruby uses grammar rules to parse and understand your code
  • How your Ruby code is translated into a different language by a compiler
No programming language needs to be a black box. Whether you're already intrigued by language implementation or just want to dig deeper into Ruby, you'll find Ruby Under a Microscope a fascinating way to become a better programmer.

Covers Ruby 2.x, 1.9 and 1.8

  • Sales Rank: #460573 in Books
  • Published on: 2013-11-22
  • Original language: German
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x .88" w x 7.00" l, 1.48 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 360 pages

From School Library Journal
Gr 10 Up—A thorough (but flawed) look at Internet protection aimed squarely at female users. There is a battle to be fought, and the author intends to arm the female population with the critical information they need to protect their privacy. In her least objective moments, Blue, an investigative tech reporter and self-described agitator, posits that "you actually can post or share sexy pictures of yourself and stay in control." She also states that "filthy-rich celebrities are more able than the rest of us to hide things they consider private or embarrassing because they can afford to" and should therefore keep their social media privacy suggestions to themselves. The plethora of nude celebrity photo hacking scandals seems to contradict this assertion. References to companies as "greedy" and "douchey" are further examples of biased opinion presented as fact. Blue offers clear suggestions on how to avoid becoming an Internet victim, but her unwavering confidence in her own opinions and ardor for the topic make her advice seem heavy-handed at times, which may put off teens. VERDICT This informative but flawed book works best as a resource for victims in search of a staunch advocate or as an option for adults, who can better separate the opinions from the useful facts.—Cindy Wall, Southington Library & Museum, CT

About the Author

Well known for his coding expertise and passion for the Ruby programming language, Pat Shaughnessy blogs and writes tutorials at https://patshaughnessy.net/. He also develops Ruby applications at management consulting firm McKinsey & Co. Shaughnessy is a regular presenter on the Ruby conference circuit, and his articles and presentations have been featured in the Ruby Weekly newsletter, the Ruby5 podcast, and The Ruby Show.

Most helpful customer reviews

17 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
A technical deep dive that remains fun and enjoyable
By Federico Lucifredi
Ruby Under a Microscope is a remarkable dissection of the internals of Ruby's runtime environment. Definitely too much for the casual user, but an absolute must for the power user - the dissection of how hash tables work in Ruby "under the hood" is worth the book in of itself. Coverage of the innards of the runtime's garbage collection process is equally useful.

The experiments the author carries out throughout the book to show the language's behavior, or to measure performance, are not only great explanation of how things operate, they are entertaining to read - at least for those with a performance tuning eye or a desire to really understand what is going on. I love it, I have seen this done in class, I have done it myself, but it is a teaching model rarely seen in writing that fits this technically deep subject very well.

Fans of lisp will appreciate the credit that the author gives the venerable language for closures and for McCarthy's garbage collection algorithm, among other things.

The book is richly illustrated, and the diagrams help a great deal in following the details being discussed - as you can imagine, pointers^Hreferences are everywhere, and diagrams really make decoding the lay of the land much easier.

A minor negative, looks like No Starch used a lighter paper choice than their regular, thick heavy paper - a fancy attribute of their books that I have come to look forward to. I would expect this was done to limit the heft of this particular tome, that at 330-plus pages would have come out rather thick in the usual paper choice.

7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Relevant and mandatory - Akin to K&R's 'C' reference, or Windows Internals for the Windows OS for the Ruby developer
By Richard T. Kingslan
Ruby has become a major player in application and (by extension) Web development due to the easy to acquire skills to use the language, the expansive library sets due to the open source nature and the integration and support on nearly any platform.

Me, being a Windows OS guy, I look to major references like Microsoft Press’ “Windows Internals” to understand how things really work – not just at the surface – but why something does what it does. For example, if the distributed processing calls (DPC) result in interrupts consuming the processor, I know I’m usually looking at a driver or hardware problem.

“Ruby – Under a Microscope” is much like “Windows Internals” in that the how and why of Ruby is revealed.

What should be clear from the idea of an in-depth, deep technical details book – this isn’t for the beginner, like Microsoft Press’ “Windows Internals” isn’t for the newbie Windows OS user. If you don’t know what DPCs are and what they do – knowledge of DPCs is pretty much useless. To get the full value from this book, you should already be an experienced Ruby programmer (or have depth in similar languages). What the experienced developer will get from this book is the details that will allow them to extract more power from Ruby, better understanding of why things happen, and how to better use Ruby to solve the really hard problems.

Now that we’re past the “who this book is for” part, there is one more thing to understand before you decide that this is of value to you: Exactly WHICH Ruby are we talking about? Yes, Ruby is available on nearly all platforms. However, this is because some hard working people wanted to make sure that the language was widely available, and these hard working people made it available on platforms other than what the original Ruby was developed for.

So, how do you know which version of Ruby this book is focused on? The book is focused on the Matz (Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto) Ruby Interpreter, written in C. Other implementations are discussed, and these are discussed in the context of how others implemented the language that Matz created in 1993.

The book treats Ruby as a science study, much like a scientist would study microbes (“…Under a Microscope”, get it?). Instead of looking at organisms, the book looks at the base elements of Ruby: The actual ‘C’ source code. If you’re a computer science major, this is nothing new. The source code is studied to understand what Ruby does to perform the tasks that you give it. As you go through the book and look at Ruby at the very base elements, you can gain a complete understanding of how computers really work. There is nothing more basic than the process of providing information to a computing machine and seeing how the actual process of creating tokens, parsing of tokens, compiling into an intermediate format, and then passing onto the virtual machine (YARV – Yet Another Ruby Virtual Machine) that interfaces at the machine level. Once the processing is complete, understanding how to receive the output, convert it back into something that the programming language can understand is absolutely vital to knowing why things work. And, probably most importantly, knowing what’s wrong when they don’t work.

This is the real goal of “Ruby: Under a Microscope”. Providing understandable information for the knowledgeable programmer to gain a deep understanding of what Ruby is, what it does, and how it attains the goals that it sets for itself. This opens the door wide open for those that want to add to the language with libraries and extensions – which is the real power of a successful language: Expansion by anyone with a great idea.

6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
See the wiring under the board
By Michael Larsen
Let's start with a disclaimer. I'm not a Computer Science major, nor did I complete a Computer Science course of study in school. I'm a software tester, and one that finds themselves frequently using programming languages of various stripes for various purposes. Ruby is one of the most popular languages in current use, and for many, it's a language that allows them to learn some basic terms, some programming constructs, and then lets them just use it. It's clean, it's elegant, it's almost simple. It's a language that invites the user to just go with it.

For some, though, there's that sense of curiosity... what is my Ruby program really doing? How can I see what the system is actually doing with my code? What's going on underneath the hood? If such explorations interest you, then "Ruby Under a Microscope" by Pat Shaughnessy tackles that subject handily.

A word of warning going in. This is not a general language book. You will not learn much about programming in Ruby here. You should have a decent understanding of what Ruby syntax looks like and how it works. Having said that, you don't need to have years of experience with Ruby to appreciate this book for what it does. It takes some key areas of the language, and through examples, some small programs, and a variety of tools, lets you see and understand what Ruby actually looks like up close and personal.

Chapter 1 focuses on how Ruby understand the text that you type into your Ruby program. Ruby converts your source code first into tokens, and then converts that input stream into an "abstract syntax tree”. Through tools like “Ripper”, you can see this process and watch it in something resembling natural language (well, kind of. It’s still debug code, but it’s a lot less intimidating than one might think.

Chapter 2 covers how Ruby compiles code. Wait, isn’t Ruby a “scripting language, no compiler required? With 1.8 and earlier, yes, but with 1.9 and up, Ruby is compiled just like many other languages we are familiar with. The difference? Ruby does it automatically. You never need to invoke the compiler. Ruby also has its own “virtual machine” (YARV, or "Yet Another Ruby Virtual Machine) that it compiles its bytecode for. Ultimately, the byte code for YARV is what we witness running.

Chapter 3 goes into greater detail about how YARV runs our code. By comparing the steps necessary to run a simple program, we can compare the time it takes to run a program in Ruby 1.8 (which doesn’t have a compile sequence, it just runs) and Ruby 1.9 and 2.0, which do have compile sequences. For simple and brief interactions, it actually looks like Ruby 1.8 performs better, but for longer runs with more iterations, 1.9 and 2.0 have a huge advantage over 1.8 by virtue of its compile cycle.

Chapter 4 focuses more attention on the virtual machine and how control structures and methods are handled within the YARV. If statements, for loops and calls to various methods demonstrate how ruby breaks down the instructions, as well as how it utilizes its internal calls to “jump” from one piece of code to another. Ruby categorizes methods into 11 types, and labels its built-in methods as CFUNC methods, meaning they are implemented in C. Ruby also uses a hash to keep track of the number of arguments, her labels and what their default values should be.

Chapter 5 looks at objects and classes, specifically, Ruby’s internal objects and classes. Each Ruby object is, ultimately, a class pointer paired with an array of instance variables, and everything in Ruby is an object. Several generic objects are shown, along with their C structures (RString, RArray, RRegexp, etc.), and demonstrate how they, likewise, are also simple combinations of a class pointer and instance variables. Classes are a little more involved. Each Ruby class can be defined as Ruby object (with its class pointer & instance variables) plus method definitions, attribute names, a constants table and a “superclass” pointer.

Chapter 6 brings us deeper into methods and constants, specifically how these aspects are found and represented. Ruby lets a programmer look at programs with two contrasting paradigms. Code can be organized through classes and super-classes, or it can be organized through "lexical scope". Which approach makes the most sense? it depends on what you want to have your program accomplish.

Chapter 7 gets into one of the key attributes of Ruby internals, the Hash Table. These are interesting data structures that allow a program to return values quickly, and to automatically increase in size as more elements are added. the chapter takes a deep dive into Ruby’s hash function and how it allows for elements to be accessed quickly.

Chapter 8 covers blocks, and how the Blocks concept in Ruby borrows from the “closure” idea first prosed in the Lisp language several decades back. Blocks can be defined as “a combination of a function and an environment to use when calling that function”. Using “lambda”, a block can become a data value that can be passed, saved, and reused.

Chapter 9 discusses Metaprogramming, a means to program in a way that code can inspect and change itself, dynamically. In other words, by referencing itself, your program can change itself! I’ll admit, this is one of the aspects of Ruby (or any language) that I have trouble getting my head around, and while I won’t claim to have mastery of these ideas after this chapter, I feel I have a little better feel for what’s happening.

Chapter 10 takes us into the Java realm and shows us Ruby implemented in Java, as opposed to how we’ve been interacting with it thus far in C. The flow is similar, but each Ruby script gets compiled into a Java executable, and then is physically run by the Java Virtual Machine. We see how “Jay” parses the lines of code (much the way Bison does for MRI). By monitoring Java’s Just In time Compiler, we can see which class and structures are called whenever we create a script and run it. We can also see where, by focusing on various “hot spots in our program and compiling them into Java, we can save time in key areas compared to C implemented MRI.

Chapter 11 introduces Rubinious, a version of Ruby implemented with Ruby. Well, it’s actually a virtual machine using C++ to run Ruby code. What makes it different is that, rather than relying on C or Java Structures for the built in classes, Rubinious does it with Ruby code. What does this mean? we can see how Ruby works internally without having to know C or Java. It’s all done in Ruby, and we can see how by reading the source code.

Chapter 12 explores Ruby’s Garbage Collection, and how it differs, and is similar, in MRI, JRuby and Rubinious. Garbage collection helps us with three processes; allocating memory for use by new objects, identifying which objects a program is no longer using, and reclaiming memory from unused objects. Various programs and examples demonstrate which objets are mapped where, and how to see when they are deallocated and their memory freed. Various algorithms for the various virtual machines are explored, but this is just a cursory overview of all the options and how they are implemented. Still, it’s an interesting view into a process that many of us take for granted because Ruby and many other languages basically let us take them for granted.

Bottom Line:

"Ruby Under a Microscope" does something fairly ambitious. It attempts to write a system internals book in a language that non computer scientists can readily understand. While there are numerous code snippets and examples to try and examine, the ability to look at the various Ruby internals and systems and see how they fit together can be accomplished by someone with general skills and basic familiarity with programming at the script level (which for many of us is as far as we typically get). An old saying says you can’t tell where yo hare going if you don’t know where you’ve been. Similarly, we can’t expect to get the most out of languages like ruby without having a more clear idea what’s happening under the hood. It’s entirely possible to work with Ruby and never learn some of this stuff, but having a guide like "Ruby Under a Microscope” opens up a variety of avenues, and does so in a way that will make the journey interesting and, dare I say it, even a little fun.

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